According to Carter and Simpson, there are four major models in the development of modem stylistics: formal stylistics, functional stylistics, discourse stylistics and socio-historical and socio-cultural stylistics.

• 卡特和辛普森将现代文体学的发展大致分为四个阶段：形式文体学，功能文体学，话语文体学和社会历史/文化文体学(卡特、辛普森，1989)。