At present there exist no applicable standards or specifications for calculating the strength of crude oil heating boiler (COHB) heads perforated by densely distributed large openings.

• 油田火筒加热炉密集大开孔封头的设计计算,因没有相应的强度计算标准在一定程度上限制了我国油田火筒加热炉技术的发展。