At the end of the 19th century, Ting Wen-chiang was edified not only by the Confucian culture, but also by the western pragmatism, liberalism and scientific thoughts.

• 19世纪末，丁文江既受到传统儒家文化的熏陶，又深受当时西方的实证主义、自由主义和科学思潮的洗礼。