Based on the detailed records on the four plague epidemics of Kunming in the Qing dynasty, there are similar epidemical characteristics, viz.

• 清代昆明有详细记载的四次鼠疫流行,表现出相同的流行特征:发生时间较周边地区晚、城区和郊区皆有严重流行、人口死亡严重。