Being the supervisor who is responsible for the aggregate output, the principal may be tempted to impose a criterion below which agents will be subjected to penalty, in the hope to make agents work harder and thus boost the total output.

• 产出可分为高品质和低品质二种产品，员工亦有二种不同的型态，其中一类较擅长于生产高品质产品，另一类则较擅长于生产低品质的产品。