But less than a century after it became the Armenian capital in 961, the city began falling victim to waves of conquerors, including Seljuk Turks, Georgians and Mongols.

• 然而她在961年成为亚美尼亚的首都后不到一个世纪，便开始沦为一系列征服者的牺牲品，这些征服者包括塞尔柱王朝的土耳其人、格鲁吉亚人和蒙古人。