Conclusions refractory CCF can be treated effectively skilled catheterization and embolization as well as appropriate approach and embolic material according to fistula structure and vascular route.

• 结论根据瘘口和路径血管情况，选择适宜的途径和材料，加之娴熟的插管和栓塞技术是治疗难治性CCF的有效手段。