Fetal unilateral cleft lip and palate:Detection of enzymic anomalies in the amniotic fluid. Raposio E, panarese p, Santi PL palst Reconstr Surg,1999;103(2):391-394.

• 检测315例正常孕妇羊水中乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸磷酸酶水平，发现胎儿患单侧唇腭裂者(3例)，两种酶含量显著升高。认为局部代谢改变与唇腭裂的发生有关。