For initial failure (thrombosis developed within 6 weeks), a new access was created, for late thrombosis and graft thrombosis, thrombectomy was undertaken.

• 内瘘血栓形成多发生于6周以内，治疗以重建新瘘道为主，或改建人工血管瘘；人工血管瘘血栓以取栓治疗为主，同时尽可能修复静脉流出道。