He lowered tariffs and other trade barriers, scrapped industrial licensing, reduced tax rates, devalued the rupee, opened India to foreign investment, and rolled back currency controls.

• 他减少关税与其他贸易壁垒，废弃工业许可证制度，降低税率，使卢比（印度货币单位）贬值，让印度对外国投资开放，把货币控制压低到标准水平。