In addition, he helped advance the study of anatomy, astronomy, and civil engineering. Renaissance humanism saw no mutually exclusive polarities between sciences and arts.

• 同时，达芬奇还促进了解剖学、天文学和土木工程学科的发展进步。文艺复兴时期的人文主义运动还没有任何人与达芬奇所取得的成就相媲美。