In old China,hand-written records of individual families (Jiapu) and clans (Zongpu) were painstakingly and accurately compiled,and periodically updated,for the benefit of their succeeding generations of descendants.

• 在古代的中国，手书家谱和宗谱的编制工作非常艰辛，但却很精确，而且还定时增补。这一切都是为了子孙后代。