In the finite element model the gap elements are arranged at the ends of girder element of the tube string to simulate the contact and friction among rod, tube and casing string.

• 通过构建双层接触间隙元，建立有限元分析模型，将油管柱、套管柱和抽油杆柱之间作为一个耦合的整体进行有限元力学分析。