In the introduction, considering on the common ideas in the circles and the needs to theoretical development, some fundamental concepts are re-defined: criminal facts is not equal to crime, criminal counter-measures is not equal to penalty.

• 在绪论中,基于学界现有的认识和理论发展的内在需要,笔者对论文中涉及的几个基础概念进行了界定:刑事不等于犯罪,也不等于刑罚,而是包含两个基本方面:刑事事实(包含犯罪事实)和刑事对策(包含刑罚对策);