In the western world the plebeian or popular element in each state successfully assailed the oligarchical monopoly;and a code was nearly universally obtained early in the history of the Commonwealth.

• 在西方世界中每一个国家的平民成分都成功地击溃了寡头政治的垄断，几乎普遍地在“共和政治”史的初期就获得了一个法典。