Inhaled cigarette smoke and other noxious particles cause lung inflammation, a normal response which appears to be amplified in patients who deelop COPD.

• 吸入香烟及其他有害颗粒能引起肺部炎症反应，而这种反应对健康人而言可能是正常的防御反应而在COPD患者中会进一步放大。