It may be regarded as a certain kind of state in which the system reacts to the pathogenic causes,namely,the holistic emergent phenemenon from the viewpoint of systematology.

• 中医的证可以理解为整体作为一个系统对病因作出反应所处的一种状态,这种整体反应状态从系统科学角度看是一种整体涌现现象。