Larger systems today, like telephone and optical switches, are usually based on a multiboard architecture where a set of printed-circuit boards are connected to a backplane board.

• 扫描式测试架构为使用标准元件库积体电路可测试性设计的主流，而当今典型的积体电路可能包含超过百万逻辑闸，使得测试时间及测试资料量成为系统单晶片测试的两个主要考量。