Many autoantibodies can be detected in sera from patients with SLE , such as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies and anti-Smith antibodies (anti-Sm).

• 我们的前期研究证实在97.；9%25的狼疮肾炎病人血清中也存在抗系膜细胞的抗体，它们可以识别肾小球系膜细胞中的多种蛋白。