Many different designs including axial flaps, fascial flaps, muscle flaps, septocutaneous flap, and free flaps have been tried to solve this problem.

• 许多不同的设计，如肌肉皮瓣、筋膜皮瓣、中隔皮层皮瓣、轴皮瓣以及自由皮瓣等都曾用来解决此一难题。