Mr Halberstam believes that MacArthur, backed by Republican politicians, challenged the constitutional arrangements for civil supremacy that Abraham Lincoln had affirmed during the civil war.

• 哈伯斯坦认为,有了共和党政客撑腰,麦克阿瑟对林肯在美国内战时期确立的文人至上这一宪法安排发出了挑战。