Nye went to East Africa and Central America to study integration and, through comparing the integration process there with that in Europe, found certain limitation and deficiency of neo-functionalism.

• 奈发现了新功能主义的缺陷和不足,其独特贡献是提出了一体化的多维概念,修正了新功能主义的“外溢”、“政治化”等概念,建立了一体化过程的新模型即奈模型。