Once a patient presents with a sign or symptom suggesting upper tract TCC, IVP, ureteroscopy with biopsy, or selective upper tract urinary cytology must be performed to help establish a diagnosis.

• 而当患者在检查及症状上怀疑有上泌尿道癌时，就必须施行输尿管镜检配合肿瘤切片或选择性上泌尿道细胞学检查来确立继发上泌尿道癌的诊断。