Orthotopic renal transplantation is an ideal operation for the patients receiving second or third renal transplantation due to bladder diseases or atherosclerosis in iliac vessels.

• 对于第二、三次肾移植，因膀胱病变而需行尿流改道者，以及髂血管粥样硬化者，原位肾移植是一种可供选择的方法。