Popular consent for liberalisation was bought with promises of solidarity in the form of welfare safety nets at the national level, and hefty flows of aid from rich to poor countries at the EU level.

• 普遍的共识是，从民族的层面来看，自由化同社会保障体系相一致；从欧盟的层面来看，自由化应该是使大量的援助赠款从富国流向穷国。