Scholars abroad have made many studies. Ellis (1985) divides anxiety into state or situational specific anxiety and trait anxiety according to its functions.

• 国外对外语学习者在外语学习中出现的焦虑进行了大量的研究,Ellis(1985)把焦虑按特征分为一次性或情景性焦虑(state or Situational specific anxiety)和气质性焦虑(trait anxiety)。