Seafloor hydrothermal activities have been found in tbe Red Sea, Galapagos,East Pacific Rise, Gulf of California, and Mid-Atlantic Ridge since 1960s.

• 六十年代以来,在红海、加拉帕果斯、东太平洋隆起、加利福尼亚湾以及大西洋中脊等地发现了海底热液活动并有富含重金属的沉积物形成。