Smoking is able to cause wavy change of the Ecd expression on the epithelial cells which may play an important role in the injury and repair of the epithelial cell of the respiratory tract.

• 吸烟引起呼吸道上皮细胞E?cd表达波浪式变化在呼吸道上皮细胞的损伤与修复中可能发挥重要作用。