So although selfish punishment aids altruism from within a group, the model also bolsters the idea of group selection, a concept that has seen cycles of popularity in evolutionary biology.

• 因此，尽管自私惩罚可以在群体中帮助利他主义，自私惩罚的模式也支持了群体选择的想法，这是在演化生物学中曾经数度相当风行的概念。