Sonneratia is an invasive exotic mangrove species which is found to out-complete the native species and can quickly invade the mudflat area, reducing the feeding area for waterbirds.

• 海桑是入侵性外来品种，除了能极快侵占泥滩，减少水鸟觅食地之外，研究亦发现牠们会与原生红树品种互相竞争，为原生种带来不良影响。