Spending on research and development nationwide increased from 50.9 billion Yuan in 1997 to 116.1 billion Yuan in 2002,an increase from 0.64% to 1.13% in terms of the GDP share.

• 全国研究与试验开发经费，从1997年的509亿元增加到2002年的1161亿元，占国内生产总值的比重从0.；64%25提高到1