Surgical treatment includes in utero transfusion, in utero transplantation, drainage of fetal effusion, fetoscopic surgery, opened fetal surgery and the ex utero intrapartum treatment.

• 外科治疗包括宫内输血、宫内移植、胎儿体内积液引流、胎儿镜手术、开放性胎儿手术以及子宫外产时处理。