Taking advantage of the surname as well as placing restrictions on them characterized the surname system of the king and dukes in the Zhou dynasty.

• 天子和诸侯阶层姓氏制度的典型特徵，就是对姓、氏的既利用又限制，其具体表现就是既要通过强调“同姓”关系来收族，保证其有一定的统治基础；