The U.S. based Hydraulic Institute has produced the following guidelines for recommended minimum submergence of the pump suction inlet to reduce the probability that strong free-surface air core vortices will occur.

• 美国水利协会提供下列指导原则,推荐泵吸入进口处的最小的潜水,以便降低产生强烈自由表面空气中心漩涡的可能性。