The article has inquired into the transformation and probed for how and why Hakka Confucian gentry could be in a dilemma or had dual forces between conservatism and creationism in late Qing.
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- 本文以为对此加以厘清,有助于探讨近代客家儒绅在传承与创变之问,所以进退维谷或两相发挥的根本绿由;