The basic properties of matrix subalgebra were investiaged, the matrix subalgebra was generated by a single matrix, all maximal ideals were classified, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the subalgebra to be semisimple algebra were given.

• 摘要研究了由一个矩阵生成的拒阵子代数的基本性质，给出了其极大理想的完全分类及这类子代数是半单代数的充要条件。