The concept of nonrepudiation is most familiar in the context of paper contracts: a signed contract is a legally binding document, and it is impossible to disown an authenticated signature.

• 人们最熟悉的是书面合同上下文中认可的概念:已签名的合同是具有法律约束力的文档,要否认已通过身份验证的签名是不可能的。