The elements that make up the Red Army cannot possibly come from armies like those of Yen Hsi-shan and Chang Tso-lin, which have not received any democratic political training or come under the influence of the workers and peasants.

• 那些毫未经过民主的政治训练、毫未接受过工农影响的军队，例如阎锡山、张作霖的军队，此时便决然不能分化出可以造成红军的成分来。