The emphases in this paper are the metabolic engineering alterations of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia stipitis and Zymomonas mobilis.

• 重点介绍了大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母、树干毕赤酵母及运动发酵单胞菌的基因改造情况。