The encoding specificity principle (Tulving & Thompson, 1973) advanced that memory performance is affected by the degree of overlap between the learning context and the test context.

• 提出的“编码特殊性原则”认为，回忆的绩效受测试时环境信息与学习时环境信息的相似性程度的影响，在测试时再现学习时的环境线索可促进项目记忆的提取。