The formation of Mesa is formed by the collapse action in the limestone of Zhangxia formation of Cambian with developing joints and fractures lays on the shale of Maotou formation.

• 方山上部为张夏组灰岩,下部为寒武纪馒头组页岩,灰岩节理裂隙发育,发生崩塌作用后,上面形成崮形地貌,即方山。