The former created the modern sanitary system, doing away with the smog-choked, garbage-strewn cities of the 1870s, where food lacked refrigeration and few houses had water connections.

• 1870年代的城市，缺乏冷藏食物的设备，备有供水设施的房舍也没有几间，而第二次工业革命所产生的现代卫生系统，便革除了这种烟雾弥漫、垃圾满地的城市。