The friction stress between the tool and the chip is assumed to follow a modified coulomb friction law and the local adaptive remeshing technique is used for the formation of chip.

• 切屑和刀具的摩擦应力采用修正库仑摩擦方程来计算,工件的流动应力是应力、应变、应变率和温度的函数,采用局部网格重划分技术。