The life cycles of barnacle communities, or the seasonal pattern of buttercup fields, or behavior of bobcat clans were all known, but what principles, if any, guided all three?

• 藤壶群落的生命周期、毛茛田地的季节性形态变化或山猫家族的行为都已经是众所周知的了，但是，如果有的话，是什么原则引导了这三个群落的变化？