The paradox of material implication,Rose paradox in the moral logic and the Electra paradox of the cognitive logic are the results of abtraction and formalization.

• 实质蕴涵怪论、道义逻辑中的罗斯悖论以及认知逻辑中的厄勒克特拉悖论 ,都是抽象化、形式化的结果。