The theory of constructive factors(Tatbestad) by Beling is the main reflection of positivism in criminal law research, symbolizing that the study of crime came into a new stage of formality.

• 德国刑法学家贝林提出的构成要件理论是实证主义方法在刑法学研究中的集中体现和主要成果,它标志着刑法学对于犯罪的研究开始了形式化的新历程。