The vascularization and osteogenesis of the implants were evaluated by transparent thick slide, image analysis of the vessels, and histology with Chinese ink perfusion 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation.

• 术后2、4、6及 8周用墨汁灌注透明标本及血管面积图像分析方法观察血管化过程 ,组织学观察血管形成及成骨情况。