Therefore, it is not the advection process, but the vertical heating profile, which causes the atmospheric response in the lower troposphere out of phase with that in the upper troposphere.

• 因而阐明，不是由于平流作用，而是由于加热垂直梯度方向的改变，在加热中心下方产生正涡度强迫，中心上方产生负涡度强迫。