This approach accounted for the end restraints of column, axial load applied on the column, flexural stiffness and slenderness.It was demonstrated that the proposed approach is reliable and valid.

• 实用公式充分考虑了柱端约束条件、作用于柱上的荷载、柱刚度以及长细比等因素的影响，用于设计更加合理。