This article deals with the religious specialists (Buddhists, Taoists, spirit-mediums) who were hired during the late imperial period to live permanently within temples and provide regular services there.

• 摘要这篇文章主要研究明清受雇常驻于庙宇以提供一般仪式服务的神职人员（包含僧人、道士及灵媒）。